ごし

五指
the five fingers
互市
trade
commerce
越し
across
over
beyond

* * *

―ごし【―越し】

¶(振り返って)肩～に見る

look over one's shoulder

¶彼は肩～に私に話しかけた

He spoke to me over my shoulder.

¶我々は5年～の付き会いだ

We have known each other for five years.

* * *

I

ごし【五指】

the five fingers [digits]; the fingers of one hand.

●今年倒産した大手建設会社はすでに五指に余る. Major construction companies which have gone bankrupt this year already number upward of five.

・そのデパートの年間売上高は上位五指に入る. The department store's yearly [annual] sales put it in the top five (department stores).

●本県出身者の総理大臣は五指を屈する. This prefecture has produced as many as [all of] five prime ministers.

・五指を屈するに足りない be less than [not even] five; can be counted on the fingers of one hand.

II

ごし【語誌･語史】

〔用語集〕 a glossary; a thesaurus; 〔歴史的･社会的な言葉の解説集〕 an etymological dictionary [glossary]; a book which explains the historical and social background to changes in the meanings of words.

III

-ごし【-越し】

1 〔ものをまたいで･ものを越えて〕

●山越しに道をつくる make a path [road, passage] across the mountains [hills]; make a path which crosses the mountains; make a road over [across] a mountain

・垣根越しに隣家の庭を見る look over the fence [hedge] at a neighbor's garden

・めがね越しに見る look over (the rims of) one's spectacles

・頭越しに ⇒あたま.

●彼女は肩越しに私を振り返った. She looked back at me over her shoulder.

2 〔ものを隔てて･ものを通して〕

●壁越しに人声が聞こえた. I heard a voice [voices] on the other [far] side of the wall. | I heard somebody talking beyond the wall.

・レースのカーテン越しに人影が見えた. I could make out a figure through [beyond, on the other side of] the lace curtain(s). | A figure showed dimly through the lace curtain(s).

・サングラス越しに私をじっと見つめているらしかった. It looked as though he was staring [glaring] at me through his dark glasses.

・彼女はインターホン越しに断った. She refused through the intercom.

3 〔時間をまたいで〕

●10 年越しの交際 an acquaintance of ten years

・10 年越しの懸案 a question that has been at issue for ten years

・宵越しの金 ⇒よいごし

・3 年越しの地価下落 three successive years of falling land prices; land prices dropping three years running.

●本委員会はその問題を 7 年越しで検討してきた. This committee has considered the question (every year) for seven years running.

・あの会社とは 3 年越し法廷で争っている. We have been in a three-year dispute in court with that company.

・彼は 8 年越しの入院生活だ. He has been in hospital for eight years running [throughout the last eight years].